For these reasons, caregivers play a central role during the rehabilitation and education processes of these children, so their well-being and health are very dependent also by the whole health condition of their family in terms of participation to social life, continuity of healthcare as well as education, social and community services and supports. Despite this precise categorization, it is known by scientific literature that the complexity and heterogeneity of neurodevelopmental disorders is given both by the intertwining of the components of development (perceptual, motor, cognitive, linguistic, social, and emotional features) and by the often present numerous comorbidities, and these factors can make extremely difficult the adaptation to the environment with substantial limitations in autonomy and restriction of daily activities, thus requiring continuous assistance. Within the section of neurodevelopmental disorders of DSM-5, intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorders, communication disorders, specific learning disorders, attention-deficit hyperactive disorders and motor disorders were included.
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According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition (DSM-5), the advances in clinical neuropsychiatry permit to classify the brain dysfunctions of the developmental age, emphasizing the approach to clinical and complex cases and highlighting the pervasive and cascading effect that the early onset of these disorders can have on the evolution of individuals. Neurodevelopmental disorders are a group of conditions with early onset in life of affected individuals, characterized by developmental deficits and behavioural impairments in several areas of functioning of daily life (personal, social, academic, and occupational domains). These findings show that severity of caregiver’s burden is dependent by the type of neurodevelopmental disorder and suggest that an ecological and family-centred approach is necessary to guarantee the life health developmental course of these children. Moreover, it was evident a negative correlation between the burden levels and the age of children, but also a direct correlation between the burden levels and the weekly hours of rehabilitation.
Results highlighted that about the half of caregivers show from moderate to high levels of stress, but parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Intellectual Disability show greater difficulties than parents of children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Language and/or Learning Disorder, and Developmental Coordination Disorder. 105 caregivers of school-aged children with neurodevelopmental disorders were included in the study and completed three online questionnaires (General Questionnaire, Caregiver Burden Inventory, Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale). The aim of this study was to examine possibly differences of burden levels in an Italian sample of principal caregivers of children with different kinds of neurodevelopmental disorders and to investigate the possible links between some clinical and sociodemographic variables and the levels of caregiver’s burden.
Caregivers of children with neurodevelopmental disorders play a central role during the rehabilitation and education processes, but they have an increasing risk of psychosocial problems even if the literature is not so agreed upon the specific and predisposing factors to that.
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